10. Interpretation – Quiz

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As a complement to information from rating scales and a clinical interview.

QbTest should never be used as a stand-alone tool and should not be used to replace clinical judgement. QbTest is used to objectively measure the three core symptoms of ADHD- hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, and should always be used together with rating scales and a clinical interview when making a clinical decision.

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Distance is the total distance travelled by the reflective marker during the test and it is reported in meters.

Area represents the spatial distribution of the distance travelled during the test, that is, how much the patient moves within the space around them (choice b). Motion Simplicity indicates the type of movements the patient is making (choice a).

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Reaction Time Variation is the standard deviation of Reaction Time, and measures how consistent a patient’s response time is over the duration of the test. High Reaction Time Variation scores may reflect difficulties with sustaining attention, forgetfulness, disorganization, and/or careless errors. Reaction Time and Reaction Time Variation carry the greatest weight in the calculation of the QbInattention score for both QbTest (6-12) and QbTest (12-60).

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The Cardinal parameters are not based on the performance during the entire test. The Cardinal parameters QbActivity and QbInattention are based on the performance in quartile 3 and quartile 4, and QbImpulsivity is based on performance in quartiles 2 through quartile 4.

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Distance and Area are in the slightly atypical range (1.4). Reaction Time Variation (one of the most important parameters for inattention in children) as well as Commission Errors and Anticipatory Errors (both indicating impulsivity) are above the cut off for atypical.

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The score for all activity measures are within normal range (≤1.0 Q-score). The parameter Omission Errors was somewhat elevated but no clear indication of inattention. Only one Commission Error was made.

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The activity measures shows an atypical performance (Time Active 1.7, Distance 1.6), and Area shows a Slightly Atypical performance (1.4), indicating difficulties Reaction Time Variation (2.8) and Omission Errors (2.1) are above the cut off for Atypical, as well as Commission Errors (1.8) and Anticipatory errors (1.8).Taken together, this patient’s performance indicates difficulties with hyperactivity, but also difficulties to sustain attention during the test and that he is impulsive . This altogether shows difficulties in all three measures, indicating a combined profile.

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There are no indications of hyperactivity- only one activity measure, Area, is slightly elevated (1.2). Also very few Commission Errors are made. Although, Reaction Time Variation and Omission Errors are above cut off for Atypical (≥1.5 Q-score) indicating a variability in reaction time together with many missed targets. This indicates problems with attention and indicates an inattentive profile.

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Both Distance and Area show Atypical performance (≥1.5). Reaction Time Variation and Omission Errors, are above cut off for Atypical (<1.5), Reaction time is also Slightly Atypical (1.2). This indicates a patient who struggles with sustained attention during the task, alongside with a high level of activity. Commission Errors are also above cut off for Atypical (>1.5), which shows difficulties in all three symptom areas and indicates a combined profile.

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Distance and Area are within normal range (< 1.1). All inattention and impulsivity parameters were also within normal range.

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All parameters are within normal range. Several Commission Errors observed during the first half of the test but none in the second half which is a pattern inconsistent with most ADHD profiles, where performance often deteriorates over time.

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The Q-scores for Distance and Area are both Atypical (≥1.5). The majority of the Commission Errors (2.4) were performed during the second half of the test which is common in the performance of individuals with ADHD on this test. However, all inattention parameters were within normal range indicating primary problems with hyperactivity and impulsivity.

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Reaction Time Variation and Omission Errors are above the cut off for Atypical (>1.5). However, there are few Commission Errors and activity parameters are in the normal range. As Reaction Time Variation and Omission Errors are important indicators of attention, these results are consistent with inattention.